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| === Stakeholder Map === | | === Governmental or Intergovernmental Organizations === |
| <div style="margin-left: 100px;"> | | <div style="margin-left: 100px;"> |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| |'''Indices''' | | |'''Name''' |
| |'''Brief Introduction''' | | |'''Description''' |
| |'''Data Access''' | | |'''Type of organization''' |
| |'''Recommended Usage''' | | |'''Link''' |
| |- | | |- |
| |Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) | | |UNEP FI Risk center |
| |The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a widely used index to characterize meteorological drought on a range of timescales. It can characterize drought at different time scales which correspond with the time availability of different water resources (e.g. soil moisture, snowpack, groundwater, river discharge and reservoir storage). The SPI can be compared across regions with markedly different climates.<ref>Keyantash, John & National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds). Last modified 2023-08-19 "The Climate Data Guide: Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI).” Retrieved from <nowiki>https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/standardized-precipitation-index-spi</nowiki> on 2024-07-19.</ref>
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| * [http://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds298.0/ Gridded SPI for Global Land Surface (1949-2012) generated from CRU 3.21]
| | |Intergovernmental Organizations |
| * [https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/temp-and-precip/drought/nadm/indices/spi/div#select-fo%E2%80%A6 Current SPI maps and tabular data for North America (NCDC)]
| | |https://www.unepfi.org/climate-change/tcfd/resources/ |
| * [https://hprcc.unl.edu/onlinedataservices.php Plots and archive of SPI for contiguous US back to 2003, High Plains Regional Climate Center]
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| * [https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Drought/Monitoring/spi_outlooks.shtml Seasonal '''outlook''' of SPI (GeoTIFF format)]
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| * [https://github.com/monocongo/climate_indices Python-package to calculate SPI]
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| |Meteorological/hydrological/ecological drought
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| |Standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) | | |Financial Sustainability Board (FSB) |
| |SPEI serves as a comprehensive drought index due to its multi-scalar nature, accommodating diverse scientific disciplines for detecting, monitoring, and analyzing droughts. SPEI assesses drought severity based on intensity and duration, identifying onset and cessation of drought episodes. Its versatility allows for comparative analysis across different climates and over time.<ref>https://spei.csic.es/home.html</ref>
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| *[https://spei.csic.es/database.html SPEIbase] (Monthly global SPEI data on a 0.5 degree grid from 1901/01 to 2022/02, based on CRU TS4.07 data set; potential evapotranspiration is estimated using Penman-Monteith method)
| | |Intergovernmental Organizations |
| *[https://spei.csic.es/map/maps.html#months=1#month=5#year=2024 SPEI data from Global Drought Monitor] (Global data on 1 degree grid from 1955/01 to present, updated monthly; potential evaportranspiration is estimated using Thornthwaite method)
| | |https://www.fsb.org/work-of-the-fsb/financial-innovation-and-structural-change/climate-related-risks/ |
| *[https://databank.worldbank.org/metadataglossary/environment-social-and-governance-(esg)-data/series/EN.CLC.SPEI.XD Annual SPEI data by sovereign regions, presented by the World Bank]
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| *[https://www.drought.gov/data-maps-tools/us-gridded-standardized-precipitation-index-spei-nclimgrid-monthly U.S. Gridded SPEI data derived from the nClimGrid-Monthly dataset] (from 1895 to present)
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| *[http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/SPEI R-package to calculate SPEI]
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| *[https://github.com/monocongo/climate_indices Python-package to calculate SPEI]
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| |Ecological drought
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| |- | | |- |
| |Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) | | |The Central Banks and Supervisors Network for Greening the Financial System (NGFS) |
| |PDSI is a regional drought index commonly used for measuring the severity of drought conditions. It is a standardized index that ranges from -10 (dry) to +10 (wet), with >4 indicating extreme wet conditions and <-4 indicating extreme dry conditions.<ref name=":0">Dai, Aiguo & National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds). Last modified 2023-08-19 "The Climate Data Guide: Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI).” Retrieved from https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/palmer-drought-severity-index-pdsi on 2024-07-17.</ref>
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| Self-calculating PDSI is not easy, as a multitude of computation is involved. Some open-source code is available online. Here is one from Jacobi et al. (2013)(see "Supporting Information" for the code).<ref name=":1">https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/wrcr.20342</ref>
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| *[https://rda.ucar.edu/datasets/ds299.0/ Monthly PDSI over global land area on a 2.5 degree grid from Aiguo Dai] (also includes ensemble mean monthly PDSI for 1900-2100 calculated using CMIP 6 data)
| | |Intergovernmental Organizations |
| *[http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.pdsi.html Historical monthly (from 1850/01 to 2014/12) PDSI gridded data]
| | |https://www.ngfs.net/ngfs-scenarios-portal/ |
| * [http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/monitoring_and_data/drought.shtml Current weekly PDSI maps and info at NOAA CPC]
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| * [http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/cirs/climdiv/ NCDC Climate Division Data] (text format, see 'pdsi' key)
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| * [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/drought-recovery/projected Projected Palmer Hydrological Drought Index for 3/6/9 months ahead]
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| |Meteorological and ecological drought
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| |- | | |- |
| |Standardized runoff index (SRI) | | |IMF |
| |SRI is used to characterize hydrological drought.
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| * [https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Drought/Monitoring/sri3.shtml Current SRI (3-month)] in GeoTIFF format using [https://ldas.gsfc.nasa.gov/nldas/ NLDAS data]
| | |Intergovernmental Organizations |
| |Hydrological drought
| | |https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/Search?#sort=relevancy&f:series=[WRKNGPPRS] |
| |- | | |- |
| |[https://www.fao.org/giews/earthobservation/ FAO Agricultural Stress Index System (ASIS)] | | |Asian Development Bank (ADB) |
| |ASIS monitors agricultural areas with a high likelihood of water stress/drought at global, regional and country level, using satellite technology.
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| * [https://www.fao.org/giews/earthobservation/access.jsp ASIS Raster dataset]
| | |Intergovernmental Organizations |
| * [https://data.apps.fao.org/?lang=en&share=f-8d4fcc02-5b97-4a9b-931f-7c6d359d4969 ASIS interactive system]
| | |https://www.adb.org/publications/climate-change-and-sovereign-risk |
| |Agricultural droughyt
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| |[https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/About/WhatistheUSDM.aspx U.S. Drought Monitor (USDM)] | | |Institute for Global Environmental Strategies (IGES) |
| |USDM uses a multi-indicator drought index where it integrating several key drought monitoring that measure temperatures, soil moisture, water levels in streams and lakes, snow cover, and meltwater runoff. The map is released every Thursday, showing where drought is and how bad it is across the U.S. and its territories. The map uses six classifications: normal conditions, abnormally dry (D0), showing areas that may be going into or are coming out of drought, and four levels of drought: moderate (D1), severe (D2), extreme (D3) and exceptional (D4).
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| * [https://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Data.aspx USDM Data]
| | |Government |
| * [https://agindrought.unl.edu/ Agricultural commodities in drought]
| | |https://www.iges.or.jp/en/topics/climate |
| |Meteorological/hydrological/ecological drought
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| |- | | |- |
| |U.S. Climate Extremes Index (CEI) | | |FDIC |
| |The CEI evaluates the percent area of extremes in the distribution of much above/below average (top/bottom 10% of occurrence) temperatures, precipitation, drought, and tropical cyclone wind speed across the CONUS and is measured as the percent area of the U.S./region experiencing extremes for a given season.<ref>Gleason, Karin & National Center for Atmospheric Research Staff (Eds). Last modified 2023-08-21 "The Climate Data Guide: U.S. Climate Extremes Index (CEI).” Retrieved from <nowiki>https://climatedataguide.ucar.edu/climate-data/us-climate-extremes-index-cei</nowiki> on 2024-07-19.</ref> | | | |
| | |Government |
| | |https://www.fdic.gov/news/financial-institution-letters/2023/fil23056.html |
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| * [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/cei/graph CEI by NCEI of NOAA (from 1910 to present)]
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| * [https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/cei/regional-overview Regional CEI] for the 9 U.S. Standard regions is also available
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| |Consecutive Dry Days (CDD)
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| |Maximum number of consecutive dry days with less than 1 mm of precipitation per day
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| |A [https://docs.esmvaltool.org/en/latest/recipes/recipe_consecdrydays.html code] for calculating CDD is provided by Earth System Model Evaluation Tool.
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| |Standardized soil moisture index (SSMI)
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| |SSMI is calculated as the soil moisture content normalized by the recent past climatological values at each grid point. The soil moisture content can be the content integrated over the entire soil depth or just the surface layer. Note that soil moisture data in general has greater uncertainties compared to atmospheric data. Cautions should be used when using soil moisture index to assess the drought risk in future climate scenarios.
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| * A list of soil moisture index data is provided [https://amir.eng.uci.edu/data.php here] and can be made available upon request.
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| * [https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/Soilmst_Monitoring/US/US_Soil-Moisture-Monthly.php Historical observed soil moisture data] for the US can be found on NOAA's Climate Prediction Center.
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| * Soil moisture conditions from GRACE data assimilation can be accessed [https://www.drought.gov/data-maps-tools/groundwater-and-soil-moisture-conditions-grace-data-assimilation here].
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| * [https://www.drought.gov/data-maps-tools/cpc-soil-moisture The global soil moisture conditions] (0.5x0.5 degree resolution) can also be found in the Climate Prediction Center.
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| * [https://weather.ndc.nasa.gov/sport/training/articles/20170320184849_NASA-Land-Information-System-LIS-Soil-Moisture-Percentile/ Soil moisture from NASA Land Information System]
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| |} | | |} |
| </div> | | </div> |
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| <div style="margin-left: 100px;"></div> | | <div style="margin-left: 100px;"></div> |