Glacial Retreat: Difference between revisions

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Climate change has resulted in the accelerated melting of glaciers across the world. This melting is primarily caused by rising global temperatures (see [[Temperature Changes]]) caused by human activities <ref>https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/why-are-glaciers-and-sea-ice-melting#:~:text=Melting%20glaciers%20add%20to%20rising,storms%20like%20hurricanes%20and%20typhoons</ref>. Glaciers are important for reflecting the sun’s heat, making the planet cooler. The loss of glaciers reduces the planet’s capacity to reflect this heat, further accelerating global warming. Melting glaciers also contribute to rising global sea levels (see [[Sea Level Rise]]).
Climate change has resulted in the accelerated melting of glaciers across the world. This melting is primarily caused by [[Temperature Changes|rising global temperatures]] caused by human activities <ref>Hancock, L. (n.d.). Why are glaciers and sea ice melting?. World Wildlife Fund. https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/why-are-glaciers-and-sea-ice-melting#:~:text=Melting%20glaciers%20add%20to%20rising,storms%20like%20hurricanes%20and%20typhoons</ref>. Glaciers are important for reflecting the sun’s heat, making the planet cooler. The loss of glaciers reduces the planet’s capacity to reflect this heat, further accelerating global warming. Melting glaciers also contribute to [[Sea Level Rise|rising global sea levels]].
 
[[File:Glaciervolume.png|thumb|alt=Changes in glacier volume by study year after 1990|This scatterplot shows the change in glacier volume by year of study, at and after 1990 with some very large negative extreme values removed. Within each year, each point represents a different glacier. It is evident that there are more reductions in glacier volume than there are increases for most years, with these negative changes becoming larger with increasing years.]]


== Dataset <ref>WGMS (2023): Fluctuations of Glaciers Database. World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2023-09</ref> ==
== Dataset <ref>WGMS (2023): Fluctuations of Glaciers Database. World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2023-09</ref> ==
The World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) is an organization that collects and shares data on the mass, volume, and dimensions of glaciers over time, as well as the distribution of perennial surface ice in space. WGMS is a service of the following global organizations: the International Association of the Cryospheric Sciences of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IACS, IUGG) <ref>https://cryosphericsciences.org/</ref> and the World Data System of the International Science Council (ISC) <ref>https://worlddatasystem.org/</ref>. The raw data used was obtained from the Fluctuations of Glaciers Database on the WGMS website <ref>https://wgms.ch/data_databaseversions/</ref>, with the particular dataset entitled “changes.csv” from the 2023 version. This file includes data on the change in glacier thickness, area, and volume, primarily from geodetic surveys.
The World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) is an organization that collects and shares data on the mass, volume, and dimensions of glaciers over time, as well as the distribution of perennial surface ice in space. WGMS is a service of the following global organizations: the International Association of the Cryospheric Sciences of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IACS, IUGG) <ref>International Association of the Cryospheric Sciences. https://cryosphericsciences.org/</ref> and the World Data System of the International Science Council (ISC) <ref>World Data System. https://worlddatasystem.org/</ref>. The raw data used was obtained from the Fluctuations of Glaciers Database on the [https://wgms.ch/data_databaseversions, WGMS website], with the particular dataset entitled “changes.csv” from the 2023 version. This file includes data on the change in glacier thickness, area, and volume, primarily from geodetic surveys.
 
[[File:Glaciervolume.png|thumb|alt=Changes in glacier volume by study year after 1990|This scatterplot shows the change in glacier volume by year of study, at and after 1990 with some very large negative extreme values removed. Within each year, each point represents a different glacier. It is evident that there are more reductions in glacier volume than there are increases for most years, with these negative changes becoming larger with increasing years.]]


== Sample Data ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Physical data for the glacier RGI60-13.1 in a 2004 survey
|+ Physical data for the glacier RGI60-13.1 in a 2004 survey (some columns removed)
|-
|-
! POLITICAL_UNIT !! NAME !! WGMS_ID !! SURVEY_ID !! YEAR !! SURVEY_DATE !! REFERENCE_DATE !! LOWER_BOUND !! UPPER_BOUND !! AREA_SURVEY_YEAR !! AREA_CHANGE !! AREA_CHANGE_UNC !! THICKNESS_CHG !! THICKNESS_CHG_UNC !! VOLUME_CHANGE !! VOLUME_CHANGE_UNC !! SD_PLATFORM_METHOD !! RD_PLATFORM_METHOD !! INVESTIGATOR !! SPONS_AGENCY !! REFERENCE !! REMARKS
! NAME !! WGMS_ID !! SURVEY_ID !! YEAR !! SURVEY_DATE !! THICKNESS_CHG !! VOLUME_CHANGE !! INVESTIGATOR !! SPONS_AGENCY !! REFERENCE
|-
|-
| AF || RGI60-13.10763 || 156232 || 808792 || 2004 || 20041231 || 19991231 || 9999 || 9999 || 1.01 || -1535 || 3650 || -1550 || 3690 || sP || sP || Romain Hugonnet || LEGOS, Université Toulouse, France; VAW, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. || Hugonnet et al. (2021); Nature, 592, 726-731 p. || Only glaciers with >50% spatial coverage are included. Spatial coverage of this glacier (pixels with elevation change estimates): 98.0%. Temporal coverage during this period (average repeat elevation observations): 4.1. Uncertainties are 1-sigma and conservative, in particular for glaciers smaller than 1 km².
| RGI60-13.10763 || 156232 || 808792 || 2004 || 20041231 || -1535 || -1550 || Romain Hugonnet || LEGOS, Université Toulouse, France; VAW, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. || Hugonnet et al. (2021); Nature, 592, 726-731 p.
|}
|}


== References ==
== References ==

Latest revision as of 04:58, 18 January 2024

Climate change has resulted in the accelerated melting of glaciers across the world. This melting is primarily caused by rising global temperatures caused by human activities [1]. Glaciers are important for reflecting the sun’s heat, making the planet cooler. The loss of glaciers reduces the planet’s capacity to reflect this heat, further accelerating global warming. Melting glaciers also contribute to rising global sea levels.

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This scatterplot shows the change in glacier volume by year of study, at and after 1990 with some very large negative extreme values removed. Within each year, each point represents a different glacier. It is evident that there are more reductions in glacier volume than there are increases for most years, with these negative changes becoming larger with increasing years.

Dataset [2]

The World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS) is an organization that collects and shares data on the mass, volume, and dimensions of glaciers over time, as well as the distribution of perennial surface ice in space. WGMS is a service of the following global organizations: the International Association of the Cryospheric Sciences of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IACS, IUGG) [3] and the World Data System of the International Science Council (ISC) [4]. The raw data used was obtained from the Fluctuations of Glaciers Database on the WGMS website, with the particular dataset entitled “changes.csv” from the 2023 version. This file includes data on the change in glacier thickness, area, and volume, primarily from geodetic surveys.

Physical data for the glacier RGI60-13.1 in a 2004 survey (some columns removed)
NAME WGMS_ID SURVEY_ID YEAR SURVEY_DATE THICKNESS_CHG VOLUME_CHANGE INVESTIGATOR SPONS_AGENCY REFERENCE
RGI60-13.10763 156232 808792 2004 20041231 -1535 -1550 Romain Hugonnet LEGOS, Université Toulouse, France; VAW, ETH Zürich, Switzerland. Hugonnet et al. (2021); Nature, 592, 726-731 p.

References

  1. ↑ Hancock, L. (n.d.). Why are glaciers and sea ice melting?. World Wildlife Fund. https://www.worldwildlife.org/pages/why-are-glaciers-and-sea-ice-melting#:~:text=Melting%20glaciers%20add%20to%20rising,storms%20like%20hurricanes%20and%20typhoons
  2. ↑ WGMS (2023): Fluctuations of Glaciers Database. World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS), Zurich, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.5904/wgms-fog-2023-09
  3. ↑ International Association of the Cryospheric Sciences. https://cryosphericsciences.org/
  4. ↑ World Data System. https://worlddatasystem.org/
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