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= Global Peak Storm Surge Map =
[[File:Storm-surge.jpg|thumb|600px|Storm surge (Source: Surfer Today<ref>Retrieved from https://www.surfertoday.com/environment/what-is-a-storm-surge on October 24, 2024. </ref>)]]
==What is Strom Surge?==
 
==What is Storm Surge?==


Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide. The surge is caused primarily by a storm’s winds pushing water onshore. The amplitude of the storm surge at any given location depends on the orientation of the coast line with the storm track; the intensity, size, and speed of the storm; and the local bathymetry.
Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide. The surge is caused primarily by a storm’s winds pushing water onshore. The amplitude of the storm surge at any given location depends on the orientation of the coast line with the storm track; the intensity, size, and speed of the storm; and the local bathymetry.
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Storm tide is the total observed seawater level during a storm, resulting from the combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide. Astronomical tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon and have their greatest effects on seawater level during new and full moons—when the sun, the moon, and the Earth are in alignment. As a result, the highest storm tides are often observed during storms that coincide with a new or full moon.<ref>https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/stormsurge-stormtide.html#:~:text=Storm%20surge%20is%20the%20abnormal,storm's%20winds%20pushing%20water%20onshore.</ref>
Storm tide is the total observed seawater level during a storm, resulting from the combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide. Astronomical tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon and have their greatest effects on seawater level during new and full moons—when the sun, the moon, and the Earth are in alignment. As a result, the highest storm tides are often observed during storms that coincide with a new or full moon.<ref>https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/stormsurge-stormtide.html#:~:text=Storm%20surge%20is%20the%20abnormal,storm's%20winds%20pushing%20water%20onshore.</ref>


== Overview ==
Storm surges are a significant coastal hazard associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons, which can lead to severe flooding and are a risk for coastal communities. As of February 2015, the dataset comprises over 700 recorded storm surge events.
The Global Peak Storm Surge Map is a comprehensive resource that documents the location and magnitude of storm surges worldwide since 1880. Storm surges are a significant coastal hazard associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons, which can lead to severe flooding and are a risk for coastal communities. As of February 2015, the dataset comprises over 700 recorded storm surge events.
 
== Storm Surge Data by Region ==
This dataset categorizes storm surges by the ocean basin in which they occurred, providing insights into regional patterns of this coastal climate risk.
 
=== Recorded Storm Surges as of February 2015 ===
The following table summarizes the number of storm surge events recorded in each region:


{| class="wikitable"
== Datasets ==
! Region
<div style="margin-left: 90px;">
! Number of Storm Surges
{| class="wikitable" style="width:70em"
|-
|+
| Australia, New Zealand, Oceania
!Dataset
| 134
!Description
!Map viewer link
!Data access link
|-
|-
| East Asia
|Global Peak Storm Surge Map<ref>https://surge.climate.lsu.edu/data.html</ref>
| 119
|The Global Peak Storm Surge Map is a comprehensive resource that documents the location and magnitude of storm surges worldwide since 1880.
|[https://surge.climate.lsu.edu/data.html#GlobalMap View]
|[https://surge.climate.lsu.edu/data.html Access]
|-
|-
| Northern Indian Ocean
|NOAA storm surge data<ref>https://vlab.noaa.gov/web/mdl/storm-surge</ref>
| 58
|Storm surge forecast generated by a physics-based model SLOSH.
|
|[https://vlab.noaa.gov/web/mdl/storm-surge-access-data Access]
|-
|-
| Southern Indian Ocean (Madagascar)
|National storm surge risk maps<ref>https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/nationalsurge/</ref>
| 1
|An inundation maps for Category 1-5 hurricanes using the SLOSH model.
|[https://experience.arcgis.com/experience/203f772571cb48b1b8b50fdcc3272e2c View]
|[https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/nationalsurge/ Access]
|-
|-
| Western North Atlantic
|NOAA 3-D Surge and Tide Operational Forecast System for the Atlantic Basin (STOFS-3D-Atlantic)
| 388
|STOFS-3D-Atlantic provides 24-hour nowcasts and up to 96-hour forecasts for water levels, temperature, salinity, and currents in the Atlantic Basin. This system supports marine navigation, weather forecasting, and disaster mitigation, and uses inputs from the National Water Model (NWM) and various NOAA forecast models. It features a high-resolution, unstructured grid to model coastal and inland flooding. Data outputs include formats like NetCDF, GRIB2, and GPKG.
|
|[https://registry.opendata.aws/noaa-nos-stofs3d/ AWS link]
|-
|-
| Western North Atlantic (Non-US)
|Global storm surge reconstructions (GSSR)
| 36
|A database of daily maximum surge values for the past at 882 tide gauges distributed along the global coastline. The reconstruction is based on a data-driven model, utilizing five different atmospheric reanalysis products with varying spatial and temporal resolutions to generate surge information for the periods covered by each reanalysis<ref>Tadesse, M.G., Wahl, T. A database of global storm surge reconstructions. ''Sci Data'' '''8,''' 125 (2021). <nowiki>https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00906-x</nowiki></ref>.
|[https://gssr.info/ View]
|[https://gssr.info/ Access]
|-
|-
| Eastern North Pacific (Hawaii, Mexico)
|NOAA’s Coastal Inundation Dashboard<ref>https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/storm-dashboard.html</ref>
| 2
|It provides near real-time water level information, as well as storm track and intensity forecast, active coastal flood and storm surge watches and warnings. Storm surge inundation datasets are created using the high tide scenario SLOSH MOM products for all regions.
|[https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/inundationdb/ View]
|-
|-
! Total Surge Events
|USGS Coastal Change Hazards Portal<ref>https://www.usgs.gov/tools/coastal-change-hazards-portal</ref>
! 702
|This portal provides a comprehensive collection of data related to coastal hazards, including storm surge, from a wide range of historical storms. These data are suitable for use in land use planning projects, storm response and recovery protocols, and infrastructure, ecosystem, and cultural resource management decision-making. Resources are organized under three coastal hazard themes: extreme storms, shoreline change, and sea level rise.
|[https://marine.usgs.gov/coastalchangehazardsportal/ View]
|
|}
|}
 
</div>
== Dataset Access ==
The Global Peak Storm Surge Map dataset provides a historical record crucial for research into past storm events and for planning future coastal defenses. For full access to the dataset, please refer to the Global Peak Storm Surge Database.
 
 
'''storm-tide monitoring: <nowiki>https://www.usgs.gov/special-topics/water-science-school/science/storm-tide-monitoring#overview</nowiki>'''
 
== References ==
== References ==
<references />
<references />

Latest revision as of 19:57, 24 October 2024

Storm surge (Source: Surfer Today[1])

What is Storm Surge?

Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide. The surge is caused primarily by a storm’s winds pushing water onshore. The amplitude of the storm surge at any given location depends on the orientation of the coast line with the storm track; the intensity, size, and speed of the storm; and the local bathymetry.

Storm tide is the total observed seawater level during a storm, resulting from the combination of storm surge and the astronomical tide. Astronomical tides are caused by the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon and have their greatest effects on seawater level during new and full moons—when the sun, the moon, and the Earth are in alignment. As a result, the highest storm tides are often observed during storms that coincide with a new or full moon.[2]

Storm surges are a significant coastal hazard associated with low-pressure weather systems, such as cyclones, hurricanes, and typhoons, which can lead to severe flooding and are a risk for coastal communities. As of February 2015, the dataset comprises over 700 recorded storm surge events.

Datasets

Dataset Description Map viewer link Data access link
Global Peak Storm Surge Map[3] The Global Peak Storm Surge Map is a comprehensive resource that documents the location and magnitude of storm surges worldwide since 1880. View Access
NOAA storm surge data[4] Storm surge forecast generated by a physics-based model SLOSH. Access
National storm surge risk maps[5] An inundation maps for Category 1-5 hurricanes using the SLOSH model. View Access
NOAA 3-D Surge and Tide Operational Forecast System for the Atlantic Basin (STOFS-3D-Atlantic) STOFS-3D-Atlantic provides 24-hour nowcasts and up to 96-hour forecasts for water levels, temperature, salinity, and currents in the Atlantic Basin. This system supports marine navigation, weather forecasting, and disaster mitigation, and uses inputs from the National Water Model (NWM) and various NOAA forecast models. It features a high-resolution, unstructured grid to model coastal and inland flooding. Data outputs include formats like NetCDF, GRIB2, and GPKG. AWS link
Global storm surge reconstructions (GSSR) A database of daily maximum surge values for the past at 882 tide gauges distributed along the global coastline. The reconstruction is based on a data-driven model, utilizing five different atmospheric reanalysis products with varying spatial and temporal resolutions to generate surge information for the periods covered by each reanalysis[6]. View Access
NOAA’s Coastal Inundation Dashboard[7] It provides near real-time water level information, as well as storm track and intensity forecast, active coastal flood and storm surge watches and warnings. Storm surge inundation datasets are created using the high tide scenario SLOSH MOM products for all regions. View
USGS Coastal Change Hazards Portal[8] This portal provides a comprehensive collection of data related to coastal hazards, including storm surge, from a wide range of historical storms. These data are suitable for use in land use planning projects, storm response and recovery protocols, and infrastructure, ecosystem, and cultural resource management decision-making. Resources are organized under three coastal hazard themes: extreme storms, shoreline change, and sea level rise. View

References

  1. ↑ Retrieved from https://www.surfertoday.com/environment/what-is-a-storm-surge on October 24, 2024.
  2. ↑ https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/stormsurge-stormtide.html#:~:text=Storm%20surge%20is%20the%20abnormal,storm's%20winds%20pushing%20water%20onshore.
  3. ↑ https://surge.climate.lsu.edu/data.html
  4. ↑ https://vlab.noaa.gov/web/mdl/storm-surge
  5. ↑ https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/nationalsurge/
  6. ↑ Tadesse, M.G., Wahl, T. A database of global storm surge reconstructions. Sci Data 8, 125 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00906-x
  7. ↑ https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/storm-dashboard.html
  8. ↑ https://www.usgs.gov/tools/coastal-change-hazards-portal
Retrieved from "http://climateriskwiki.uw.edu/index.php?title=Storm_Surges&oldid=1705"